Carving a Way Back to Fairer Distribution
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Stop Trying to Make Sense of the World- Just Deal With it As it Really Is
Recently I spend three weeks as volunteer labor writing a review of a paper about a nineteenth-century philosopher known for advocating the abolition of private property.
I was reviewing a paper for publication consideration in a global peer-to-peer academic publishing organization in which the primary shareholders are deeply invested in global publishing, financial assets, and real estate across the western world.
I was approached by the organization in a manner of a non-profit organization, asking for a donation, not of money, but of my services.
I have a proclivity to place other purposes before money and so providing volunteer services to a wealthy for-profit organization is worth it for what it delivers in karmic justice. It gives me a voice in deciding which papers are to be published. It is particularly meaningful when the subject is a nineteenth-century philosopher deeply entrenched into an academic culture that produces graduates who become the deciders about who gets the portions of the global pudding of redistributed wealth.
I am undecided about whether the deciders of our fates are merely products of indoctrination, or are the self-aware manipulators of culturally embedded indoctrination, using it to the benefit of their own self-interest. Either way. it is to the benefit of all mankind to pierce the balloons of indoctrination with the pin of perception. I am but one among many of the Invisibles and this is my story.
I am the outsider that the nineteenth-century philosopher, wrote about. By the philosopher’s own definition, the outsider is not recognized. Thus the nineteenth-century philosopher did not recognize me, so blinded was he to the quality of work, by the quality of ownership, that he pushed my class of small entrepreneurs who are at once workers and owners, to the outside of what was to become the global world order, where the class of small entrepreneurs remains in today’s world.
While I was doing the review, I had to think about Marx.
Marx is like a cake mixed with ingredients of self-contradictions, topped with a very thick frosting of diatribes directed at undifferentiated masses participating in one social order or another, the nineteenth-century version of the internet meme. I have no idea what is the percentage of frosting on the cake as reading Marx makes me feel like I, or some other group, is being beaten upon, and then I stop reading.
However, given Marx’s enduring popularity, there must be a nugget of truth worthy of recognition. In my own thinking, I aim to separate the truth at the core from the misleading diatribes. In a nutshell, I agree with Marx on one point, that money is often made into the exclusive measure of value and that nurtures inauthenticity in both the individual and society. I do not agree that there is one monetary system in which all participants are exclusively motivated by self-interest and care only about money, and another monetary system operating exclusively from a pure unselfish interest for the betterment of mankind and our environment, nice branding if it flies.
It needs to be recognized that in the contemporary order, that even if the cultural economic distinctions of Marxian ideology were true, today the oppositional structures (for-profit, non-profit, public-private) are so entwined in a symbiotic relationship that there is little difference between them as they are inseparably united in the embrace of a wealth-redistribution economy that trades in debt-free capital and fiat currency.
One day as my thoughts were wrapped up in the philosophy of Marxism, I noticed a little gray arrow on my Facebook messages pointing right, to which I had never paid much attention. There I found a message from last September from the Communications Director of the Maine Development Foundation, saying she had read one of my blog posts, which she did not name, but, she said, they would like to meet with me, suggesting sometime in October “to ensure we understand and address your concerns/questions”. That means they want oversight on what I publish, but have no interest in my economic development vision.
I wrote back, saying I couldn’t think of any questions about the Maine Development Foundation at this time and pitched my own economic development vision instead, neither anticipating nor receiving a response from the Maine Development Foundation. The Communications Director at a large organization only wears one hat, unlike me, as Communications Director of Andersen Design, wearing so many hats that I don’t bother with titles. Perhaps I should just put on a bonnet inscribed with “Everything is Everything” and schedule a meeting with one of the compartmentalized directors of MDF.
The Maine Development Foundation was chartered by the Maine Legislature when it created the command economy in 1976. At that time, Maine had the fastest-growing small enterprise economy, composed of businesses employing up to 100 people, in the nation. Andersen Design was one of those businesses.
In 1976, Maine’s Governor Longley created a task force composed of the heads of Maine’s largest and wealthiest businesses in the state, which used the fact that small businesses have a more difficult challenge in finding capital than larger ones as justification for establishing a centrally managed economy which would come to the aid of small businesses and help them find capital. The specific argument was that equity capital would be much more advantageous to the small businesses of Maine than the more commonly available debt capital, although each has its own advantages and drawbacks. Debt capital is expensive but does not require an exchange in ownership as does equity capital, but the State had its own preferences and so deemed the centrally managed economy into existence on claims of serving the benefit of the small business economy.
The report concocted by Governor Longley’s board recommended that The Maine Capital Corporation be chartered to help small businesses with financing, but to all that I have been able to discover, the Maine Capital Corporation mainly benefited investors by providing them with lavish refundable tax credits and did very little for small businesses, setting the model for all that followed. I have documented that story in I am a Baby Boomer, and this is the story of how my generation let the great wealth divide happen;
The Governor’s Task Force report recommended that two complimentary corporations be chartered by the Legislature, The Maine Capital Corporation, and the Maine Development Foundation, which is not a foundation, in the traditional meaning of the word. If I am wrong on that, I welcome being corrected, but to my knowledge, the Maine Development Foundation does not fund charitable activities.
Better is always better.
If one were to take the rationalization about the superiority of equity capital to debt capital as a real and valid motivation for establishing a centrally managed economy, including the chartering of the Maine Development Corporation, and if one were to accept that the motivation for instituting the command economy of Maine was the selfless desire of the founders to serve the interests of the pre-existing small enterprise economy, and then extrapolate that into today’s world, the argument would be that debt-free capital, sourced in foundations and other non-profit funding resources, is better than debt capital or equity capital for the small business sector. Debt-free capital sourced in non-profit funding allows the recipient to retain ownership, beating out equity capital.
However if one is to look instead at how the centralized economy has worked in practice, one might conclude that the overlords of central management understand why debt-free capital is better and that therefore its benefits should be reserved for the investment community to be loaned to the small business class for a profit scaled to fit the non-profit purpose of the parent organization.
Social-Economic Justice
As this story shall demonstrate, every other sector has access to debt-free capital, why not the small business operating in the free enterprise sector, which is taxed to subsidize the command economy’s corporate welfare for large businesses? Shouldn’t what goes around, come around? The large corporations, subsidized by the taxpayers via the corporate state are traded on the stock market wherein profit is the bottom line. Large corporations accumulate large concentrations of wealth which are used to fund foundations distributing debt-free capital to non-tax-paying non-profits. Some non-profits are merged into the corporate state, while the private non-profits establish their own for-profit subsidiaries. For the tax-paying small business free-enterprise, at the roots of the economy, what goes around, doesn’t come around.
The small businesses and entrepreneurs are what makes for a thriving middle sector of the economy, the remedy to the ever-escalating wealth divide.
Fiscal Sponsorship has the potentiality to create a more fair and balanced wealth redistribution system, by distributing opportunity, in the form of debt-free capital, on a more equitable basis.
Fiscal Sponsorship, not defined by law, but within the law.
I first became aware of fiscal sponsorship via Fractured Atlas, which deals in fiscal sponsorship for the arts. I operated under the assumption that it was part of the tax code, defined in a legislative act. In the era of Benefit Corporations, which allows a company with shareholders to prioritize values other than profit, it followed that the small business free enterprise should be recognized in public policy as serving purposes beyond the purely monetary. Small enterprises are not traded on the stock market and are not obligated to shareholders to prioritize profit over all else. A small business does not need a new legal structure such as the benefit corporation to grant permission to order our priorities according to our own individualistic values systems. We already have that freedom.
Neutrality Under the Law
Operating under the assumption that fiscal sponsorship was defined by law, it seemed plausible that federal law would not be based on assumptions about the future intentions of the sponsored project to become a 501(3)(C) organization, even though the non-profit community promotes it that way. The crafting of the language stated on various non-profit websites came across as non-profit bias, designed to give the impression that intent to become a 501(3)(C) is somehow or other, mandatory, but not convincingly so.
Eventually, I came upon a discussion of the new Fiscal Sponsorship Model L, wherein it states that a project does not have to have intentions to become a 501(3)(C):
On the other hand, Model A would be more appropriate if the project has an uncertain future, or if the organizers have no intention of going through the expensive process of setting up a new corporation, obtaining IRS recognition of tax-exempt status, and then administering a stand -alone nonprofit
Still, the language has a motivational implication, that the reason one would not want to become a non-profit organization is mere concern about the expense of the process, recognizing only a monetary reason for wanting to remain in the free enterprise economy.
There is another more fundamental reason that makes the free enterprise small entrepreneurial world attractive. It is having the autonomy to make one’s own decisions, and to avoid having others in controlling authority over the important decisions in one’s enterprise and thereby redefining the identity of the enterprise without concern for the authentic purpose of the enterprise. Such an attempt to redefine our purpose is exactly what Andersen Design encountered when it applied for fiscal sponsorship, but ultimately fiscal sponsorship is a potential benefit if looked at through a different lens and approached in another way.
A Convenient Way with Words
In the process of trying to figure out the ins and outs of what was actually going on, I encountered a proclivity in non-profit policy statements for an oddly structured language such as:
For a for-profit subsidiary, the Parent prepares the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. The Parent as shareholder should have the right to vote for the board of directors, the right to remove directors without cause at any time, and the right to approve any amendments. The Parent should make a reasonable contribution to the subsidiary’s capital. Formation and capitalization of the subsidiary should comply with state and federal securities laws. Forming a Subsidiary of a Nonprofit, Charitable Tax-exempt Corporation
The Natural Order
The basic legal rule of thumb is that when something is mandatory the legal term is “shall”, and when it is optional, the legal term is “may”. Articles of Incorporation have a descriptive function that informs what can be done. The term “should” is usually used as a form of advice: “You should do this- because you can do this, but it’s optional, not required.” Structurally, optional advice does not belong in a basic description of permitted parameters.
Then I came across this statement on the America Bar Association:
Because fiscal sponsorship does not refer to a relationship that is defined by the law, it may take many different forms.
That changed everything about my understanding of fiscal sponsorship as I considered the descriptions found about fiscal sponsorship in the context of encounters with the non-profit sector in a free market environment. The non-profit sector does not abide by the common law of the free-market sector but makes its own rules (models), commonly to benefit the organization, first and foremost.
Non-Profits Re-define Common Laws of Free Enterprise
A few years ago I was exploring juried craft shows. Most asked a jury fee of $35.00. It is appropriate to ask a jury fee for a juried show that is on display for a limited time and it is common practice to submit slides of one’s work online.
In the process, I came across a partnership between a government quasi and a non-profit organization collaborating on a retail store featuring hand-made works. While vendors selling other products such as books or music were treated by the standard rules of retailing, the collaboration was charging a jury fee of $60.00 to craft vendors to present their work to buyers. The craft vendors had to drive on long icy winter roads to specific locations and times to show their work to “jurors” as the buyers were called. There were no terms of agreement specified, such as whether the retail venue would purchase the work or expect to display it on unspecified terms of the consignment. In essence, it was being run as a fund-raising event for the non-profit and broke long-honored conventions of the free market place. Andersen Design has sold to many prestigious retail venues but never, ever, have we been asked to pay a fee to show our work to a retail buyer.
I believe Andersen Design’s work would sell very well in the location but I am not willing to support the transformation of the common rules of doing business in a way that exploits the maker in order to advantage the retailer, especially not by an organization whose non-profit purpose is to support the makers. I asked the organization why they were charging a jury fee for a retail store. I was told, “Because we are in it for the public good” implying that I, as a representative of a free enterprise designer-craftsman company, was only in it for the money.
Legal Creativity Within the Law
A historical timeline following the development in thinking about fiscal sponsorship.
The following item from the above timeline explains why the Maine Technology Institute is chartered as a nonprofit corporation with public and charitable purposes. MTI is operated through an independent board that is authorized to make a profit and acquire intellectual property rights. Since MTI is a public corporation chartered by the Maine Legislature, its organization is more transparent than its private non-profit counterparts, but the concept of a legal channel that funnels non-profit fundraising to for-profit investors is prevalent everywhere and takes on many forms.
An Act of Congress
1969 — The most significant development in fiscal sponsorship since 1954 was Congress amending the Internal Revenue Code by dividing 501(c)(3) organizations into public charities and private foundations. As a result, public charities became magnets for sponsored projects, spawning the growth of fiscal managers mistakenly called fiscal agents. This popular term suggested the manager works for the project instead of having sole discretion for the charitable contributions.
Not an Act of Congress:
2011 — Description of new Model L published. In this model, the fiscal sponsor acts as the sole member of an LLC, a limited liability company, and the project is operated from within this separate entity; if properly done, the sponsor should have no liability for LLC’s debts and obligations
According to the Description of new Model L, by the Alder Colvin Law Group, Model L is a parent-subsidiary model. The legal discussion in the Non-Profit Limited Liability Company by the NEO Law Group, states that “ technically there is no such thing as a non-profit LLC but for the purposes of this article, I’ll refer only to tax-exempt LLCs that are organized and operated for charitable purposes” and goes on to describe that the LLC can directly apply for 501(3)(C)status, or take on the characteristics of its sole member, a 501(3)(C), or act as a pass-through organization for all its members which are 501(3)(C) organizations. The reason the LLC is not technically a non-profit is that while it may be exempt from federal taxes, it is not necessarily exempt from state income and property taxes. On the other hand, a non-profit can own its own LLC.
Since the models are not created by Acts of Congress, they are created by lawyers, and other models can likewise be developed.
All the models I have observed have mainly created investment subsidiaries and perhaps a housing subsidiary or a special interest consistent with the federal and state, taxpayer-subsidized “targeted sectors”. State corporations are more transparent than private organizations since the charters of state corporations are a matter of public law, but in a world that embraces the public-private relationships, the boundaries are blurry. Every which way one turns, there is a new model developed to facilitate the transfer of non-profit fundraising to for-profit investment groups. Since information is scarce and requires fact-checking, it is not possible to say definitively that the profits made by for-profit subsidiaries of non-profit organizations are uniformly invested back into the organization as an “evergreen” or “roll-over” fund — or if some seeps over into private profit of partners associated with the non-profit organization. Everywhere diverse rivers of concentrated wealth enhanced by tax-payer subsidies and non-profit fundraising are flowing together, by design, where they mix and merge before they come out, on the other side, potentially in a new transformation.
SEE MODELS FOR FISCAL SPONSORSHIP
Everybody’s Doing It
Today, we’re announcing the creation of a new entity to advance Fractured Atlas’s mission of democratizing access to the arts and advancing human creativity: Exponential Creativity Ventures, a new investment enterprise that will make early stage investments in start-ups that are innovating at the intersection of technology and human creative capacity. year 2017
Today a search for Exponential Creativity Ventures leads to “website expired” but the 2017 Fractured Atlas Blog is still live as is this 2018 page about it on CornerStone Capital Group. The 2017 blog refers to “Fractured Atlas, our nonprofit parent organization,….So, with an initial $2 million commitment from Fractured Atlas at the start of this year, we officially launched Exponential Creativity Ventures, a $20 million evergreen fund investing in human-centered creativity platforms,…..Before re-entering the creative tech space as venture capitalists, we first had to ask: Would there be sufficient deal flow to achieve both the social and financial returns we were targeting?….Within our first month, we met with hundreds of great companies in their earliest stages.”
These plans coincide with the time during which Andersen Design applied to Fractured Atlas for fiscal sponsorship as a social enterprise for our historical ceramic design and slip-cast production enterprise. At that time Fractured Atlas had been operating as a Model C fiscal sponsor, and I was unaware of its behind-the-scenes transformation into a Model L fiscal sponsor.
Model C. Where the individual or entity who approaches the sponsor becomes a grantee of the sponsor (but the project activity is not absorbed into the sponsor), we call this “Model C,” “indirect” or “re-grant” fiscal sponsorship. The sponsor receives donations for the project’s purposes, retains discretion and control over the funds , grants them for project purposes, and requires reports to confirm that funds were spent properly.
The intermediary between ourselves and the board was fully confident that Andersen Design would qualify based on our life-long history of teaching the skills of making ceramics on the job. After taking an inordinately long time to decide, the board rejected our application stating that we were rejected because I used the word “production” on the application, which the board declared to signify that one is only in it for the money.
Meanwhile, the CEO of Fractured Atlas was starting a venture capitalist entity under the parent company, Fractured Atlas. The mission of the new entity is said to be “to advance Fractured Atlas’s mission of democratizing access to the arts and advancing human creativity: Exponential Creativity Ventures, a new investment enterprise that will make early-stage investments in start-ups that are innovating at the intersection of technology and human creative capacity”
The laws governing fiscal sponsorship require that the fiscally sponsored project, serve the mission of the sponsor, which for Fractured Atlas is listed as “arts, culture and other” and consistent with Andersen Design’s long history of ceramic art and design and running production as an art form.
Even if it were true that Andersen Design is “only in it for the money”, it would not change the fact that Andersen Design has been teaching the skills of making ceramics on the job since 1952 and so we meet the requirement of Fractured Atlas’s stated non-profit purpose. Something else was going on.
After rejecting for the long-standing purpose of our business, the board advised that we could apply as a museum or a school but as a school, we would be forbidden to teach others how to make our designs, excepting they would allow us to teach how to make our original glazes that are our own intellectual property and central to our brand signature.
On the spur of the moment I decided to apply for a museum, Despite our lack of experience and background in running a museum we were readily approved for a museum, a museum based on a company that is only in it for the money, apparently. It was nonsensical. Was it appeasement of guilt or a negotiation tactic between those who supported us and those who opposed us?
The fact that Fractured Atlas rejected Andersen Design for its long-standing historical purpose for which we have a lifetime of experience, and then advised us to apply for a different purpose for which we have no background, supports the theory that Andersen Design was not rejected because of who we are, individualistically, but who we are as a class, the small business entrepreneurs.
Approving Andersen Design, the designers and makers, for fiscal sponsorship, could have potentially established a precedence that would open the door for other small businesses as social enterprises allowing the free enterprise sector to apply for foundation grants via fiscal sponsorship, a class that has been largely excluded from the benefits of the wealth redistribution economy, excepting the high tech, new tech sector, where the billions are to be made and the rules are completely different. The wealth redistribution economy, whether it is public, private, for-profit, or non-profit, is built upon a model that consistently benefits the investors and excludes the small entrepreneurs of the productive and research economy.
For example, a parent organization with a non-profit purpose of economic development, such as “To help create economically and environmentally healthy communities in which all people, especially those with low incomes, can reach their potential”, creates a for-profit investors subsidiary that receives debt-free non-profit funding from the parent and the fund is used to make low-interest loans to small entrepreneurs as debt-financed capital. In order for the for-profit subsidiary to qualify for fiscal sponsorship by the parent organization, it has to serve the non-profit purpose of the parent organization. By offering an interest rate lower than otherwise available the non-profit purpose of the parent is satisfied but since the capital being lent is sourced in debt-free capital, the profits made by the investment company is calculated on the amount of debt-free capital mixed with capital that the investors bring to the lending fund. In order for this model to maintain itself, it needs the small entrepreneurs to be borrowers. If the small entrepreneurs are fiscally sponsored they can apply for debt-free funding from foundations and other non-profit sources which would decrease the pool of available borrowers for the for-profit subsidiary fund, as a Model L venture capitalist fund formed under a non-profit parent company.
The culture that values and favors the investment community over the research and productive community starts at the top. In Marco Rubio’s American Investment in the 21st Century, he reports that American corporate culture has progressively decreased investments in research and production and increased investments in financial assets since the turn of the century.
If the small entrepreneur can qualify for debt-free funding through non-profit resources, then the non-profit parent company does not have means or has a reduced means for realizing a profit through the for-profit lending subsidiary but it is becomings the choice of contemporary philanthropy to shift from grantmaking into debt capitalization:
Philanthropy can bring its whole self to work with an impact investing mindset that expands horizons beyond grantmaking alone. Imagine what more foundations could achieve — from community development, to racial equity, to climate change mitigation — by supplying loans, loan guarantees, and equity investments for social good. Beyond the Grant: Foundations as Impact Investors
Instead of looking for fiscal sponsorship, Andersen Design could become the fiscal sponsor as the Andersen Design Museum of American Designer Craftsmen with its own 501(3)(C) status. As a sponsor, we define our own non-profit purpose when we apply for 501(3)(C) status. Andersen Design has a legitimate history for establishing such a museum and as a part of our larger vision of transforming our production into a 21st-century cottage industry of independently owned studios. Yes Marxists, I am talking about the ownership of production by the production workers! Craft Museums have historically functioned as educational and economic development resources in addition to displaying and celebrating the work of designer-craftsmen.
It’s time to write such a non-profit purpose for the Andersen Design Museum of American Designer Craftsmen.
Andersen Design does not have to invent a new model. We just have to redefine whom the model benefits. There are many non-profit organizations that are offering low interests loans to small businesses but almost none that are making fiscal sponsorship directly available to the small entrepreneur, except those in a subsidized government targeted sector. Hand-made crafts are designated to take place in developing nations, excepting hand made crafts sold in the highest-end markets.
Weston and Brenda Andersen established Andersen Design during the time when the American middle class was at its peak. Dad grew up on a farm in Iowa. My mother was raised in London and was from is a long line of craftsmen. Andersen Design was founded on a love for and identification with the middle class. Weston and Brenda Andersen did not choose to work in slip-cast production for the money but because that is a way to make a finely crafted product affordable to the middle classes. Both my parents went to art schools where they encountered class snobbery, but the middle class is not that. Andersen Design chose to situate itself in the middle as a preferred cultural environment. Today the American middle class is endangered.
A mission of the Andersen Design Museum of American Designer Craftsmen as a fiscal sponsor will be to enable the free enterprise small entrepreneurs of the designer-craftsmen community to have access to debt-free funding and to encourage the community of hand-making in America. The independent handcrafting studio is a natural complement to the new movement in remote working, both concepts are merging home and work into a “quality “ lifestyle. There is no need for Andersen Design to include low-interest lending services because there are many other organizations doing that. Andersen Design can fill a need that is seldom addressed, to provide small entrepreneurs, at the roots of the economy, access to debt-free funding. If other sectors of the economy have such access but the roots of the economy do not, it is an inequity that contributes to the expanding wealth divide.
It is but a small step in addressing wealth inequality but one small step followed by another is how we make a better world!
Also published on Medium in The Shadow
Read More About How Museums have been historically used for education and economic development here